BU çizimler mıknatısı açıklayamıyor ama... Mıknatısda manteyizmanın yönünde dönen elektronların olması gerekiyor.
Bu çizimler doğru olabilir yada bambaşka bir yapıda da olabilir, şu kesin ama, atomda elektron protona bu kadar yaklaşmış olmasına rağman neden proton ile çarpışmıyor , bunun olabilmesi için çok büyük bir enerji sahibi olması gerekiyor ki protona yapışmadan kalabilsin ki bu nükleer enerjidir , çünkü elekrton proton ile birleşseydi atom büyük bir patlama ile tamamen yok olurdu.
Harbi seviye fena yükseldi , yakında nobel ödülü alabiliriz
çevirmeye üşendim aşağıya mantıklı bulduğum bi açıklamayı ekliyorum. anladığım şu elektronu basit bir ipin ucuna bağlı topaç hop savurdum merkezkaçla etrafında döndü gibi düşünmek çok yetersiz kalıyor. konu çok daha kompleks.
An electron moving in a circular path around the nucleus would be constantly changing its velocity; i.e. accelerating. But we know that when a charged particle accelerates, it radiates energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. If electrons were like planets orbiting the nucleus, then they should be radiating constantly. And that radiated energy must come from somewhere, so the electrons would lose orbital energy. An electron in a planetary orbit around the nucleus would indeed spiral into the nucleus as it gave away its energy, making stable atoms impossible.
Obviously this model is not correct; it makes predictions that don’t mesh with reality.
An electron is more like a wave.
When two waves meet each other, two different things can happen. If the waves are in phase — in other words, the crest of one wave meets the crest of the other wave, and the trough of one wave meets the trough of the other wave — then they can amplify each other, resulting in a stronger overall wave. But if they are out of phase — meaning the crest of one wave meets the trough of the other wave — then they cancel each other out.
If we think of an electron as a wave wrapped around the nucleus, then we can see that at certain distances from the nucleus, the electron-wave will constructively interfere with itself, reinforcing its position. But if you shift the electron inwards or outwards even a little bit, then it destructively interferes with itself.
So electrons are only “allowed” in orbits where they reinforce themselves. But that’s not the whole story, because electrons are even stranger than that.
As I said before, electrons behave a lot like waves, so we’re already used to the idea that they aren’t localized in space like tiny pinpoints. But as it turns out, they’re not even strictly confined to their orbits. Bear with me: I know it sounds like I’m contradicting what I just said.
Electrons do not have well-defined locations, and not just because they act like waves. Those energy levels defined by the radii at which electron-waves amplify themselves? Yeah, those are just the most probable regions in which an electron may be located. As you move outside these regions of high-probability, it becomes increasingly unlikely that you will find an electron.
But not impossible.
It is possible for electrons to enter the nucleus; in fact, in a sense, electrons are always at least partially inside the nucleus. But they never get localized in the nucleus, meaning that their whole wave-function business never collapses to put them at a location that is 100% definitely inside the nucleus.
Well… I mean, they can… but it’s not energetically likely… unless. No, we’ll talk about electron capture decay on some other occasion.
So let’s summarize:
- Electrons are attracted to the nucleus.
- Electrons are like waves that exist in locations around the nucleus where they can self-amplify.
- We don’t talk about locating electrons with precision; instead, we talk about the regions where an electron is most likely to be found.
- Electrons can and do enter the nucleus, but their regions of greatest probability are still located in orbitals found outside the nucleus.